Foot and Mouth Disease

As global attention remains focused on African swine fever (ASF), another highly contagious disease has re-emerged in the spotlight—Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD). With recent outbreaks across Europe, Asia, and parts of North Africa, the Canadian swine sector must remain alert and proactive.

Why FMD Matters

Unlike ASF, which affects only pigs, FMD is a viral disease that impacts all cloven-hoofed animals—including cattle, sheep, goats, and bison. This wide host range significantly increases the complexity of preparedness and response. Surveillance and prevention efforts must therefore extend beyond the swine industry to involve the broader livestock sector.

European Outbreaks Signal Heightened Risk

FMD has recently resurfaced in Hungary and Slovakia after more than 50 years, affecting large-scale cattle operations. These outbreaks followed a separate incident in Germany, though authorities report no direct epidemiological link. The virus strain in Slovakia was confirmed to match the one found in Hungary, suggesting a potential regional spread.

To contain the disease, European countries have implemented zoning regulations, trade restrictions, and rigorous testing. Austria, for example, has tested nearly 800 animals within its newly established surveillance zones—thankfully, with no positive cases so far.

Global Context and Implications

FMD is not limited to Europe. Over the past six months, outbreaks have been reported in Asia, South Africa, and several countries in North Africa and the Middle East, including Algeria, Tunisia, and Israel. While many of these regions regularly vaccinate against FMD and consider it endemic, clinical issues and livestock mortality still occur.

To stay informed and learn more, visit www.cwshin.ca.